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Solar & battery

Solar Battery Capacity Calculator

Convert between amp hours and kilowatt hours, and see what is usable at a given depth.

Your numbers

Result

Total nameplate 9.6 kWh
Total capacity 200 Amp hours
Usable at rated depth 7.7 kWh
Delivered after losses 7.3 kWh
Usable share 80.0%
9.6 kWh nameplate, which is 200 Ah at 48 V. Only 7.7 kWh is usable at 80.0% depth, and 7.3 kWh actually reaches the load.

Depth of discharge is how much of the nameplate you may actually use. Lithium iron phosphate tolerates 80% to 90%; lead acid should not go past 50% if you want it to last. Round-trip efficiency then takes another 5% to 15% on the way in and out. Amp hours mean nothing without a voltage: 200 Ah at 12 V is 2.4 kWh, and the same 200 Ah at 48 V is 9.6 kWh. Comparing banks on amp hours alone is the classic mistake.

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Questions

About this calculator

Why is amp hours a bad way to compare batteries?

Because it ignores voltage. Energy is amp hours times volts, so a 100 Ah 48 V battery holds four times the energy of a 100 Ah 12 V one.

What voltage should a system use?

Higher is better for anything sizeable: 48 V systems carry a quarter the current of 12 V for the same power, so the cabling is far smaller and the losses far lower.

The formula

kWh = amp hours x volts / 1000

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